Microplasma-Enabled Sustainable Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Sensitive Detection of 4-Nitrophenol

4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is one of the organic pollutants that can come up from pesticides, explosives, dyes, and pharmaceutical industries. Since it be extremely harmful to humans other living organisms, crucial have a system effectively detect presence 4-NP. Here, we report microplasma synthesis nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) for fluorescence-based detection Through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor N-GQDs acceptor 4-NP, synthesized employed 4-NP starting 0.5 100 µM with limit as low 95.14 nM. also demonstrates remarkable stability over all pH values wide temperatures (10–60 °C), indicating high possibility robust pollution monitoring. Our work provides insight into simple, fast, environmentally friendly method synthesizing at ambient conditions usable environmental nanosensors.